first of all I would like to thank to Allah who give us blessing and healthy, and best regard to our prophet Muhammad SAW who brought us from the darkness to be highness. now I would like to thanks to our leader and all of my lovely friends in this room.
well.. today I would like to talk about Global Warming. Recently as far as we known Global warming is one of the most serious challenges facing us today. To protect the health and economic well-being of current and future generations, we must reduce our emissions of heat-trapping gases by using the technology, know-how, and practical solutions already at our disposal.Tropical deforestation is the largest source of emissions for many developing countries, but slowing deforestation can't solve the climate problem by itself. As forest-rich developing countries step up to take responsibility for reducing their emissions, all industrialized nations should not only support their efforts but, most importantly, reduce their own emissions and lead efforts to avert dangerous climate change.For years we have heard so much about the causes of climate change, that we’ve missed the fact that there are simple, practical solutions that can slow this growing problem. Technologies exist today that can cut emissions of heat-trapping gases and make a real difference in the health of our planet. And these solutions will be good for our economy, reduce our dependence on foreign oil, and enhance our energy security.Global warming doesn’t just mean balmy February days in northern climes. It also means increasingly hot days in the summer, and a host of negative impacts that are already under way and are expected to intensify in thecoming decades. -More heat waves will likely increase the risk of heat-related illnesses and deaths. -Cities and towns along the nation's major rivers will experience more severe and frequent flooding. -Some areas will likely experience more extensive and prolonged droughts. -Some of our favorite coastal and low-lying vacation areas, such as parts of the Florida Keys and Cape Cod, will be much less appealing as sea levels rise, dunes erode, and the areas become more vulnerable to coastal storms. -Many families and businesses, who have made their living from fishing, farming, and tourism could lose their livelihoods, and others who love hunting, boating, skiing, birdwatching, and just relaxing near lakes, streams, and wetlands will see some of their favorite places irretrievably changed.The solutions to climate change are here and it's time we put them to use. If we get started today we can tackle this problem and decrease the unpleasant outcomes that await us if we do nothing. The steps we need to take are common sense. And, more often than not, they will save consumers money. The cost of inaction, however, is unacceptably high.The scientific consensus is in. Our planet is warming, and we are helping make it happen by adding more heat-trapping gases, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2), to the atmosphere. The burning of fossil fuel (oil, coal, and natural gas) alone accounts for about 75 percent of annual CO2 emissions from human activities. Deforestation—the cutting and burning of forests that trap and store carbon—accounts for about another 20 percent.Procrastination is not an option. Scientists agree that if we wait 10, 20, or 50 years, the problem will be much more difficult to address and the consequences for us will be that much more serious.We're treating our atmosphere like we once did our rivers. We used to dump waste thoughtlessly into our waterways, believing that they were infinite in their capacity to hold rubbish. But when entire fisheries were poisoned and rivers began to catch fire, we realized what a horrible mistake that was.Our atmosphere has limits too. CO2 remains in the atmosphere for about 100 years. The longer we keep polluting, the longer it will take to recover and the more irreversible damage will be done.Fuel-efficient vehicles. Renewable energy. Protecting threatened forests. These common sense solutions won't only reduce global warming, many will save us money and create new business opportunities.Best of all, these solutions exist now. We just need to insist that business and government take the necessary steps to make them available and affordable. Then we have to let consumers know what to do and provide incentives to help all of us make better choices.The following five sensible steps are available today and can have an enormous impact on the problem CO2 remains in the atmosphere for about 100 years.
Berdasarkan jenis predikatnya, kalimat dalam bahasa inggris dapat di bedakan menjadi dua golongan:
1.kalimat verbal (kalimat yang predikatnya terdiri atas kata kerja) positive sentence, negative sentence, interrogative sentence, imperative sentence (kalimat perintah, biasa, perintah yang keras, yang halus, larangan, berupa larangan, berupa permintaan, berupa ajakan), dan kalimat seru.
2.kalimat nominal( kalimat yang predikatnya bukan kata kerja, tetapi berupa kata benda, kata sifat atau kata keterangan) positive sentence, negative sentence, question sentence, imperative sentence (kalimat perintah, biasa, perintah yang keras, yang halus, larangan, berupa larangan, berupa permintaan, berupa ajakan), dan kalimat seru.
. Perlu diingat ini adalah berdarkan jenis predikatnya, tapi kalua berdasarkan pola/bentuk kalimat itu sendiri, bahwa ada beberapa bentuk kalimat, antara lain adalah ada yang bentuk kalimat positif, negative, Tanya, menyangkal, Tanya menyangkal….
3.Kalimat perintah (imperative sentence)
Imperative sentence adalah kalimat yang menyatakan perintah, ajakan, peringatan, permohonan dan doa.
Ada beberapa macam imperative sentence (kalimat perintah), yaitu:
1.Kalimat perintah biasa.
Kalimat perintah ini tidak menggunakan tanda seru (!) di akhir kalimat
Contoh
Write the lesson
Tulislah pelajaran itu
Give me a book
Berikan aku sebuah buku
Do your job
Kerjakan pekerjaanmu
2.Kalimat perintah yang keras.
Kalimat perintah ini menggunakan tanda seru (!) di akhir kalimat.
Contoh:
Keep silent!= diamlah!
Listen to me!= dengarkan aku!
Go out!= pergilah!
Shut up!= diamlah
Shut your mouth!= tutuplah mulut mu
Be quit!= diamlah
Bless God with you = tuhan memberkatimu
3.Kalimat perintah yang halus.
Kalimat perintah di bentuk dengan menambahkan please di awal atau di akhir kalimat.
Contoh:
Please don’t go!
Don’t go, please!
Tolong jangan pergi!
Please, open your book!
Open your book, please!
Tolong bukanlah bukumu!
Please, don’t smoke here!
Don’t smoke here please!
Tolong jangan merokok disini!
Please, stand up!
Stand up, please!
Silakan berdiri!
4.Kalimat perintah larangan.
Kalimat perintah ini di bentuk dengan menambahkan kata don’t go di depan kalimat.
Don’t write!Jangan menulis!
Don’t go!Jangan pergi
Don’t go out!Jangan keluar!
Don’t leave me!Jangan tinggalkan aku!
5.Kalimat perintah berupa permintaan.
Kalimat perintah ini di bentuk dengan menggunakan will you…. Please atau would you….,please.
Contoh:
Will you open the window, please.
Maukah kamu membuka jendela itu.
Would you open your book, please.
Maukah kamu membuka bukumu.
Would you sit down here, please.
Maukah kamu duduk disini.
Will you leave me alone, please.
Maukah kamu tinggalkan aku sendiri.
6.Kalimat perintah berupa ajakan.
Kalimat perintah ini di bentuk dengan menambahkan let di awal kalimat.
Contoh
Let’s go!
Mari pergi
Let’s go to campus together!
Mari pergi sekolah bersama!
Let’s play with me!
Mari bermain dengan ku!
Let me go!
Biarkan saya pergi!
Let him come in!
Biarkan dia masuk!
4.Exclamatory sentence (kalimat seru)
Exclamatory sentence adalah kalimat yang di gunakan untuk menyatakan perasaan seseorang tentang sesuatu secara spontant misalnya perasaan gembira, perasaan sakit, jengkel dan lain sebagainnya.
Contoh
What a lovely day!
Alangkah cerahnya!
How beautiful you are!
Sungguh cantik kamu!
How delicious this food!
Sungguh nikmat masakan ini!
How nice you are!
Sungguh baik kamu!
Rumus kalimat yang predikatnya kata kerja.
Rumus kalimat yang pridikatnya bukan atau selain kata kerja (verb), bisa kata benda (Noun), kata sifat (adjective) atau kata keterangan (adverb).
Secara umum kalimat bahasa inggris selalu mengandung kata kerja, tetapi kata kerja yang terdapat dalam kalimat di bedakan menjadi dua, yaitu kata kerja biasa (main verb) and kata kerja bantu (helping verb). Pada umumnya jika tidak ada kata kerja didalam suatu kalimat maka to be inilah yang di gunakan untuk menggantikan kata kerja. Penggunaan to be dalam satu kalimat harus di sesuaikan dengan subject yang di gunakan, Yaitu:
Is digunakan apabila subjectnya he (dia laki-laki), she (dia perempuan), it (dia benda). Muhammad, amar, iswandi ect:
Am digunakan apabila subjectnya I (saya)
Are digunakan apabila subjectnya you (kamu), we (kita,kami), they (mereka). I and wandi, billy, and friends.
Ada beberapa macam pola kalimat yang dibentuk dengan menggunakan To Be. Pola-pola kalimat tersebut diantaranya, yaitu:
1.Kalimat berita (affirmative sentence)
Perhatikan rumus kalimat berita di bawah ini:
S + tobe + non verb
Contoh kalimatnya
He is a teacher
Yang dimaksud non verb rumus kalimat di atas adalah bukan atau selain kata kerja (verb), bisa kata benda (Noun), kata sifat (adjective) atau kata keterangan (adverb).
1.S+ To be+ Noun
Noun+to be+noun:singular (tunggal)
Indonesiaisa country
Banda Acehis a city
A cat is an animal
A is called an “ article.” A and An have the same meaning. They are both article. A is used in front of words that begin with consonants (B,C,D,F,G,H,J,K,L,M,N,P,Q,R,S,T,V,W,X,Y,Z.) Anuse used in front of words that begin with vowel (A,E,I,O,U). A and An are used only with singular nouns.
Noun+to be+noun:plural (jamak)
Catsareanimals
China and Indiaarecountries
2.S+ TO Be+ Noun
Pronoun+to be+nounsingular
Iam+a student
Youarea student
She+isa student
Heisa student
Itisa country
Pronoun+to be+ nounplural
Wearestudents
Youarestudents
Theyarestudents
3.S+ to be+ adjective
Noun+be+adjective
A ballisround
Ballsareround
Maryisintelligent
Mary and Tomareintelligent
Pronoun+to be+adjective
Iamhungry
Sheis young
Theyarehappy
4.S+to be + kata keterangan ( adverb)
I am here
They are there
To be yang anda pelajari di atas merupakan to be yang di gunakan pada kalimat positif atau kalimat berita. Bagaimana to be yang di gunakan pada kalimat Tanya?
Jika to be di gunakan pada kalimat Tanya, maka to be di letakkan di depan kalimat. Jadi, to be di gunakan sebagai kata Tanya ( question word)
